Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Risk Factors: Insights into the Significance of Genetic Heterogeneity

M. A. Ibrahim, Aya; Ghazy, Aliaa Nageh; Youssef, Ahmed A.

doi:10.21608/erurj.2023.211800.1028

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence and Risk Factors: Insights into the Significance of Genetic Heterogeneity

Document Type : Review article

Authors

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt.

² Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt.

10.21608/erurj.2023.211800.1028

Abstract

Regarding mortality rates, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks third among all cancers and sixth among all primary malignancies in frequency. Preexisting diseases include hepatitis C, hepatitis B viruses, and nonalcoholic cirrhosis; all these factors increase the risk of developing HCC. Regarding population, Egypt is third in Africa and fifteenth around the globe, making HCC a major issue. The greatest HCV prevalence was formerly seen in Egypt. It is critical to investigate the probable relationship between HCV and HCC. In Egypt, the government has implemented a mass screening program for the detection and treatment of HCV, and this strategy is anticipated to result in a future decline in the incidence of HCC. It is vital to investigate genetic markers that may assist in identifying high-risk groups and, hence, adjust screening technique indications. microRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphisms may influence multiple cellular signaling pathways connected to tumor growth and angiogenesis, making diagnosing, prognosis, and treating HCC easier. As a result, further research is required to understand liver carcinogenesis completely. The current research focuses on HCC, its risk factors, and the examination of gene polymorphisms in affected patients.

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