A mini-review of various analytical methodologies for quantitative analysis of tramadol hydrochloride and celecoxib in different matrices.

Adel, Ebraam; Bahgat, Eman; Hashem, Hisham; Saleh, Hanaa; Eissa, Maya Shaaban

doi:10.21608/erurj.2025.260089.1108

A mini-review of various analytical methodologies for quantitative analysis of tramadol hydrochloride and celecoxib in different matrices.

Document Type : Mini-review

Authors

¹ Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr, 11829, Egypt.

² Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt

³ Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.

10.21608/erurj.2025.260089.1108

Abstract

Any medicine that effectively reduces pain without interfering with nerve impulse conduction, significantly changing sensory experience, or influencing consciousness is regarded as an analgesic. One key difference between analgesics and anesthetics is their selectivity. Analgesics like tramadol (TRM) operate centrally by blocking neuronal absorption of noradrenalin and serotonin, which reduces pain in many ways. Osteoarthritis (OA), one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, is one of several illnesses and conditions for which celecoxib (CLX) is recommended to alleviate inflammation and discomfort. A recently developed co-crystal combining active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and celecoxib is known as tramadol-celecoxib (CTC). The analgesic effects are exerted via both the peripheral and central routes by means of the co-crystal structure of TRM and CLX. Multimodal treatment relies heavily on the utilization of co-crystal compositions. In order to alleviate pain, multimodal treatment makes use of a wide variety of therapeutic approaches. Collectively, these medications impact a wide variety of pain circuits. There are two main categories of analgesics: those that work on the central nervous system (the opioids) and those that reduce local inflammation (the anti-inflammatory medicines). Opioid analgesics were once known as narcotics due to their sedative properties. Opioid analgesics are useful for both the short- and long-term treatment of severe pain. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed for moderate to severe pain that won't last long, such aches and pains caused by arthritis, bruises, muscular strain, or headaches.

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