Document Type : Review article
Authors
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt./Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt.
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Globally, populations are burdened with significant medical and public health costs due to degenerative illnesses of the neurological system. A couple of the most common neurodegenerative conditions include Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since these illnesses are more common and severe as people age, more instances are anticipated as life expectancy continues to climb in many nations. Numerous studies throughout the years have revealed the genetic and metabolic processes that contribute to neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). The microbial community in the human gut is diverse and dynamic, crucial to numerous physiological processes. It has been demonstrated that the gut microbiota (GM) is a part of the gut-brain axis (GBA) in many regulatory mechanisms and associated pathways, as well as in unique bacterial behaviors. Besides, it has been established that GM pose a danger for neurological problems that impact the neurological system, especially the CNS, or central nervous system, controlling the course of the disease and being responsive to treatment. The GBA promotes communication between the GM and the brain, indicating that it is essential for neurocrine, endocrine, and immune signaling pathways. This review clarifies the complex interaction between gut bacteria and human health, focusing on how it affects neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we have discussed the crucial role of the GM in the GBA from the brain to the gut and the gut to the brain, as well as the neurological pathways that interact with the GM.
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